The evolution of social institution and technology is in fact a procedure of economic development. Therefore, if an economist wants to analyze, explain and even help promote the social development, he has to develop a theory about the institution and technology. And this has become an important research topic in international economics. In this book the author first uses methods of modern economics to elaborate how, under the socialist system, China's rapid changes in economic institution and technology influence its agricultural development in the 40 years after the liberation of China and then makes a penetrating analysis about the internal causes of such an evolution of institution and technology.